Anti sulphate will not stop hygroscopic salts from long term burning of fossil fuels or from rising damp, these salts are soluble nitrates chlorides not sulphates.
You can see from your pic that you have gypsum touching the red brick on the chimney, this could be tracking salts across the wall, or it could be that your scratch coat was not of a 3-1 grade m sharp sand with an adequate salt resistant re-plastering system. There are so many variables, people can only guide you as they weren't there when the work was carried out.......Many people claim to know about damp proofing and damp meters and don't understand how they work or should be used. Bre Digest 245 is how it should be done, you need to profile the wall and take samples, this will then give you quantative results. Most people stick a £10 meter in a wall and it goes red and you have rising damp, lovely another chemical dpc to install, in reality it was problem a condensation problem.
Hers is a link to profiling the wall
Link Removed